More than 120 endangered vultures have been killed after feeding on a poisoned elephant carcass in South Africa’s Kruger National Park, in what conservationists are calling one of the deadliest wildlife poisoning incidents in the region’s recent history.
The Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT), which reported the massacre on Thursday, said the birds—primarily white-backed vultures, along with Cape and lappet-faced vultures—died after consuming the toxic remains of a deliberately poisoned elephant. The group warned the incident reflects a growing trend across southern Africa, where poachers increasingly deploy agricultural toxins to eliminate vultures, lions, and other scavengers.
“These were not accidental deaths. This was an intentional genocide of critically endangered species,” said Gareth Tate, head of EWT’s Birds of Prey Programme.
Massive Rescue Operation
The mass killing was discovered in the Mahlangeni Section of the park after EWT’s wildlife poisoning detection system flagged potential danger. Rangers dispatched to the site found 116 vultures dead around the elephant carcass. Many had visible signs of neurological damage consistent with toxic exposure.
An emergency response was launched, involving helicopters, 12 vehicles, and a specialized “vulture ambulance.” Over nearly 24 hours, rescue teams managed to save 84 vultures by administering emergency treatment, including atropine to reverse nerve damage, activated charcoal to bind the poison, and intravenous fluids.
Despite their efforts, five of the rescued birds later died. Still, veterinarians hailed the 96% survival rate as an extraordinary success.
Poison as a Silent Weapon
The use of poison in poaching has become increasingly prevalent, experts say, because it leaves fewer traces and can eliminate scavengers that might otherwise alert rangers to illegal killings. Vultures, which soar high and circle over carcasses, are often targeted because their presence can signal poaching activity.
“There’s a disturbing rise in the use of carbofuran and other toxins. It’s indiscriminate. Entire ecosystems are being affected,” Tate said.
Ecological and Cultural Impact
Vultures play a vital role in the ecosystem by disposing of animal carcasses, thus helping prevent the spread of diseases. Their decline has cascading effects, including increased risks to public health.
In addition to poachers, vultures are also hunted for traditional medicine markets. Body parts such as brains and feet are often used in rituals or sold as charms. Experts warn that these beliefs—combined with easy access to toxic chemicals—are rapidly pushing these birds toward extinction.
Hope Amid Tragedy
Some of the surviving vultures are expected to be released back into the wild this weekend, pending their recovery. Conservation groups have called for stronger enforcement of pesticide regulations, harsher penalties for wildlife crimes, and greater community education to reduce demand for vulture parts.
Kruger National Park is home to one of southern Africa’s most significant vulture populations. With several species already classified as endangered or critically endangered by the IUCN, the latest incident represents a major blow to ongoing conservation efforts.
“This was a brutal wake-up call,” Tate said. “But with swift action, collaboration, and accountability, we can still turn the tide.”