Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi has embarked on a diplomatic visit to four African nations—Namibia, the Republic of the Congo, Chad, and Nigeria. This marks the 35th consecutive year that Africa has been the destination for China’s first overseas diplomatic trip of the year, a tradition rooted in fostering long-term cooperation and shared growth.
The visit aims to implement outcomes from the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and deepen practical collaboration across various fields, including infrastructure, trade, and renewable energy. Wang Yi emphasized the historical ties between China and Africa, describing the nations as “brothers” who have worked together against imperialism and toward development.
Key discussions during the visit are expected to focus on enhancing infrastructure development, renewable energy projects, and addressing Africa’s economic challenges. China’s contributions to large-scale infrastructure projects across the continent have been instrumental in improving transport, energy access, and industrial growth in several African nations.
However, critics argue that China’s focus on infrastructure often leads to debt dependency for African nations. Many projects are funded through Chinese loans with high-interest rates, raising concerns about long-term financial sustainability. For instance, countries such as Zambia and Djibouti have faced mounting debt crises partly attributed to extensive borrowing for Chinese-funded projects.
The consistency of China’s engagement with Africa contrasts with the less frequent and fragmented approaches of Western nations, including the United States and the European Union. Analysts have noted that China’s annual visits underscore a strategic commitment that resonates with African nations, particularly as global attention shifts elsewhere due to geopolitical conflicts and domestic priorities in the West.
Still, some experts caution that China’s involvement often prioritizes its own economic gains over Africa’s development. Chinese firms frequently dominate the implementation of projects, leaving limited opportunities for African contractors and workers. Additionally, the influx of Chinese goods into African markets has raised concerns about stifling local industries and creating trade imbalances.
Africa plays a vital role in China’s global strategy. With over 50 votes at the United Nations, African nations are key allies in advancing Beijing’s efforts to reshape global norms and institutions. Additionally, Africa provides an essential market for China’s infrastructure projects, renewable energy solutions, and technology exports, supporting both African development and China’s economic growth.
However, Beijing’s pursuit of strategic minerals in Africa, such as cobalt and lithium, has sparked criticism over environmental degradation and exploitative practices. Activists have called for greater oversight and transparency to ensure that resource extraction benefits local communities rather than exacerbating inequalities.
Beyond economic collaboration, Wang Yi’s visit will also focus on cultural and diplomatic exchanges to reinforce the strong bond between China and Africa. This approach aims to foster mutual understanding and long-term cooperation in areas such as education, healthcare, and technology.
While China’s continued prioritization of Africa highlights its commitment to a shared future, critics stress the need for more equitable partnerships. African leaders are urged to negotiate better terms in agreements to avoid exploitative practices and safeguard the continent’s sovereignty.
As Wang Yi’s visit progresses, it remains to be seen whether the outcomes will address these criticisms or further entrench Africa’s economic dependency on China.