The United States is facilitating a major peace and investment initiative between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, aimed at ending years of conflict in eastern Congo and boosting regional economic development.
On April 25, both countries signed a Declaration of Principles in Washington, committing to draft a comprehensive peace agreement by May 2, 2025. A follow-up meeting, scheduled for mid-May, will bring together U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and the foreign ministers of DRC and Rwanda to finalize the accord.
The agreement outlines mutual commitments to respect territorial sovereignty, halt support for armed groups, coordinate on regional security, and promote refugee returns. It also opens the door to large-scale U.S. and Western investment in mining and infrastructure projects in both countries—particularly targeting cobalt, lithium, and tantalum in Congo, and mineral processing in Rwanda.
Before any agreement is signed at the White House, both countries must meet specific security conditions. Rwanda is expected to withdraw its troops from eastern Congo and end its alleged support for the M23 rebel group. In turn, the DRC must address Rwanda’s concerns over the presence of hostile militias such as the FDLR.
A monitoring committee composed of the U.S., Qatar, France, and Togo—representing the African Union—has been appointed to oversee implementation of the peace process.
The deal comes amid heightened regional tensions, including the recent seizure of Goma and Bukavu by M23 rebels in January 2025. Previous ceasefire efforts have repeatedly collapsed since 2021, raising questions about the long-term viability of the agreement. Analysts also point to the geopolitical implications, as Washington seeks to counter China’s dominance in Congo’s mineral sector.
If successful, the agreement could mark a turning point for peace and development in Central Africa.