The coastal city of Essaouira, Morocco, once again echoes with the spiritual rhythms of Gnaoua music as it hosts the 26th annual Gnaoua and World Music Festival from June 19-21, 2025. The event celebrates a rich musical tradition dating back to the history of formerly enslaved Black Africans who settled in Morocco.
This year’s festival features more than 350 artists, including 40 Maalem (masters of Gnaoua music), across 54 concerts in open-air arenas, historic sites and intimate spaces. Known for its powerful lyrics reflecting themes of exile, slavery and resilience, Gnaoua music has evolved from marginalized origins to one of North Africa’s most beloved musical styles.
Festival organizers describe Gnaoua as a symbol of cultural identity and spiritual expression. “Three days to reconnect with what really matters,” reads the official website, emphasizing the festival’s message of unity through music.
With deep roots in West Africa, Gnaoua music incorporates a variety of African influences and continues to evolve, blending with global genres. While some scholars trace its origins to Kano, Nigeria, others associate the term “Gnaoua” with Guinea, historically tied to the trans-Saharan slave trade.
The 2025 festival kicked off with a lively street parade featuring all the Maalem, setting the tone for a series of powerful performances. The opening night in Moulay Hassan Square featured the renowned Moroccan Maalem Hamid El Kasri, in collaboration with Senegal’s Bakalama Company.
This year’s lineup also features African and diaspora talent, including Afro-Cuban innovator Cimafunk, Ivory Coast reggae icon Tiken Jah Fakoly and Nigerian global sensation CKay, adding a modern twist to the historic celebration.
Once overlooked because of its origins, Gnaoua music now stands as a testament to survival, identity and the unifying power of culture.