A faction led by Debretsion Gebremichael is at odds with the interim administration headed by Getachew Reda, who signed the 2022 peace deal. Debretsion’s group accuses Getachew of failing to defend Tigray’s interests, while Getachew’s allies claim they are working to implement democratic reforms.
The core dispute revolves around the Pretoria agreement, which promised the return of displaced people, the withdrawal of Eritrean and Amhara forces, and new elections—none of which have materialized. Tensions escalated when senior military commanders called for the interim government’s removal in January, prompting fears of instability.
Aid delivery remains disrupted, with nearly one million displaced Tigrayans still unable to return home. Malnutrition is widespread, schools remain closed, and the healthcare system is in ruins. The deadlock has also affected control over Tigray’s resources, including its gold mines.
Meanwhile, Ethiopia’s broader regional dynamics add further complications. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s push for sea access has heightened tensions with Eritrea and Somalia, with concerns that a new conflict could spill over into Tigray. Despite growing frustrations, many Tigrayans remain wary of renewed war after the previous conflict claimed an estimated 600,000 lives.