Burundians cast their votes on Thursday in legislative and local elections, marking the first major political test since President Évariste Ndayishimiye took office five years ago. The vote comes at a critical time for the East African nation, as it navigates questions of democratic transition, human rights, and political accountability.
Citizens are selecting representatives to fill 123 seats in the National Assembly, the country’s lower house of parliament. Most lawmakers will be elected through party lists under a system of proportional representation, while others will be co-opted to ensure compliance with constitutional requirements on gender and ethnic balance.
The ruling CNDD–FDD party (National Council for the Defence of Democracy–Forces for the Defence of Democracy) enters the polls with a commanding majority secured in the 2020 election. President Ndayishimiye, who succeeded longtime leader Pierre Nkurunziza following his sudden death in office, has attempted to rebrand the party’s image and steer the country toward regional re-engagement.
However, human rights groups and press freedom watchdogs say much work remains to be done. Burundi’s record on civil liberties continues to draw concern, with reports of intimidation, arbitrary arrests, and repression of dissent.
In the weeks leading up to the vote, Reporters Without Borders warned of escalating threats against journalists. The organization accused security forces of fostering a climate of fear aimed at silencing independent media voices. Local journalists report increased surveillance and restricted access to polling coverage.
This election also marks a procedural shift in Burundi’s political calendar. For the first time, legislative and local elections are being held separately from the presidential race, which is now set for 2027. The change follows a constitutional amendment that extended the presidential term from five to seven years, further consolidating executive power.
Election observers, both domestic and international, are closely monitoring the polls amid growing concerns about transparency and democratic integrity. Regional organizations, including the East African Community, have called for peaceful participation and respect for electoral outcomes.
For many Burundians, the vote is more than a political exercise—it is a test of whether the country can move beyond its troubled past toward a more open and accountable future.