A year-long diplomatic dispute between Somalia and Ethiopia was successfully resolved under the mediation of Türkiye, African Union praised the process. This breakthrough was announced on December 11, 2024, in Ankara, where Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed met face-to-face, facilitated by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
In a statement seen by The Wall Africa Journal, African Union Commission Chairman Moussa Faki Mahamat warmly welcomed the agreement, emphasizing the importance of the dialogue between the two nations and urging swift implementation of the measures adopted. He noted the critical role of Türkiye in facilitating these discussions, highlighting the significance of this reconciliation for regional peace and stability.
Background to the Crisis
The crisis began when Ethiopia signed an agreement with Somaliland—an autonomous region in northern Somalia—allowing Ethiopia access to the sea. This deal was perceived by Somalia as a threat to its sovereignty, leading to a recall of its ambassador and a demand for the withdrawal of Ethiopian forces from the African Union peace mission. Somalia also barred Ethiopia from participating in the upcoming African Union Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM).
In response, Somalia deepened its ties with Egypt, receiving military and economic support, which heightened tensions. Ethiopia accused Egypt of using the situation to destabilize the region, deepening the crisis.
Türkiye’s Role in Mediation
To address the escalating tension, Türkiye initiated the “Ankara Process” in May, which involved two rounds of virtual meetings at the foreign ministers’ level. The final summit in Ankara marked a turning point, bringing together the leaders of Somalia and Ethiopia for direct talks. This led to the historic agreement aimed at fostering cooperation and stability in the Horn of Africa.
President Erdoğan emphasized the importance of this reconciliation, stating,
“By overcoming misunderstandings and grievances, we have taken the first step toward a new beginning of peace and cooperation between Somalia and Ethiopia.”
Looking Ahead
The agreement, while still confidential in terms of details, is expected to promote regional peace, economic development, and cooperation. The African Union has pledged its support to ensure the sustainability of this landmark achievement.