Somalia is facing a surge of violence, with 579 fatalities recorded over the span of a month following a series of attacks by Al-Shabaab militants. According to the November 2024 report by the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), the violence stems from the Somali government’s decision to mandate CCTV cameras in businesses across Mogadishu. The Wall African Journal, reviewing ACLED’s findings, highlights how this security measure has triggered a deadly backlash that has impacted both lives and livelihoods.
A Month of Escalating Violence
Between October 19 and November 22, 2024, Somalia saw 306 incidents of political violence, including 23 targeted attacks directly linked to the CCTV initiative. These incidents involved assassinations and targeted killings, including:
October 28, 2024: Four business owners were killed in Mogadishu’s Misaanka Dhuhusha district.
November 12, 2024: Two civilians were shot in the Sarkuus neighborhood for complying with the CCTV directive.
ACLED reports that 39% of these attacks were driven by opposition to the surveillance mandate, which Al-Shabaab perceives as a threat to its control over local businesses and its ability to collect funds through extortion.
Businesses Trapped in a Double Bind
Business owners in Mogadishu face a difficult choice: comply with the government’s order and risk Al-Shabaab’s retaliation, or defy the directive and face government penalties. A shopkeeper in Mogadishu told The Wall African Journal, “We’re stuck between two dangers. If we install cameras, we become targets. If we don’t, the government will take action.”
This tension has led to widespread closures of businesses, particularly in the Yaqshid and Heliwa districts, disrupting the local economy and leaving communities in uncertainty.
Government Response and Countermeasures
In response to the escalating violence, Somali security forces, with international backing, have ramped up operations targeting Al-Shabaab. On November 8, a major raid in Yaqla village resulted in the deaths of 19 militants, including three senior commanders. Earlier operations in Lower Juba and Middle Shabelle regions targeted militant leaders, weakening the group’s leadership.
U.S.-led airstrikes also played a significant role in these counterterrorism efforts, with a May 2024 strike in Bossaso eliminating over 20 militants and underscoring international cooperation in Somalia’s ongoing fight against terrorism.
Political Tensions Add Complexity
Beyond security issues, political disputes are also playing a significant role. ACLED highlights growing tensions between the federal government and regional administrations, particularly in Jubaland, where electoral disagreements have escalated. Meanwhile, Somaliland conducted peaceful elections in November, electing Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi ‘Irro’ as president, which further complicates the federal government’s stability efforts.
Balancing Security and Civilian Protection
The Wall African Journal emphasizes the crucial need for the Somali government to balance security measures with the protection of civilians. While the CCTV mandate aims to curb Al-Shabaab’s influence, it has also exposed civilians to greater risks. The government’s challenge lies in implementing security measures without exacerbating tensions or endangering communities.
The coming months will be critical in determining whether the government can effectively reduce violence and restore stability. For ongoing updates and analysis, follow ACLED’s reports and The Wall African Journal’s continuing coverage of Somalia’s security situation.
