The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is rapidly becoming one of Africa’s most influential foreign players, pouring billions into critical infrastructure, energy, and resource-rich sectors across the continent. As traditional powers like the United States and China reduce their financial footprints, the UAE is stepping in — not only as a commercial actor, but also as a strategic powerbroker shaping the continent’s future.
From massive port investments in Somaliland and Algeria to renewable energy projects in Ethiopia, Togo, Uganda, and beyond, Emirati firms are securing a long-term presence. Major state-backed entities such as DP World, AMEA Power, and the Abu Dhabi National Energy Company are leading projects valued at more than $110 billion since 2019. In 2023 and 2024 alone, the UAE committed over $97 billion to Africa, surpassing China’s contributions threefold.
This economic drive is part of a broader geopolitical strategy. The UAE is positioning itself as a global trade and logistics hub connecting Africa to Asia and the West, while also securing vital commodities like copper, gold, and agricultural products. Its involvement now extends to over 20 African countries with active commercial, energy, and mining operations.
However, alongside its economic rise, the UAE faces serious allegations of destabilizing parts of Africa through its support of non-state armed groups. Chief among these is the Sudanese Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which the Sudanese government accuses the UAE of backing with advanced weaponry and funding. The RSF, engaged in a brutal conflict with Sudan’s national army since 2023, has been linked to war crimes including the mass killing of civilians. Sudan has since severed diplomatic ties with the UAE, citing violations of its sovereignty and humanitarian law.
Despite these controversies, the UAE continues to promote its role as a development partner. Emirati officials highlight their country’s $1 billion in foreign aid to Africa in the last fiscal year and ongoing projects in food security, digital transformation, and clean energy.
Observers say the UAE’s rise in Africa marks a transition to a new era of foreign engagement — one where strategic commercial partnerships, rather than traditional aid or democratic ideals, define influence.
“The UAE is revolutionizing diplomacy through commercial muscle,” said one regional analyst. “It’s less about development and more about dominance — in ports, minerals, and political leverage.”
As the U.S. retreats from Africa and scales down support for democratic institutions, the UAE’s hybrid model of state-driven investment and covert support for proxies raises urgent questions about the future of African sovereignty, peace, and independence.